Abstract
Ion-selective membrane electrodes commonly known as electrochemical sensors are important in view of the ability to make direct or indirect measurement of various metal ions. The fact is that the use of ion-selective electrodes for such type of measurements requires relatively inexpensive equipment, which makes ion-selective electrodes attractive to scientists in many disciplines. Thus, potentometric sensors can offer an inexpensive and convenient method for the analysis of heavy metal ions in solutions providing acceptable sensitivity and selectivity. For this purpose, many organic, inorganic, chelating, intercalating and composite materials were studied as electroactive materials for the preparation of ion-selective membrane electrodes. The present study provides a detailed review of literature for the fabrication, characterization and analytical applications of ion-selective membrane electrode based on different electro active components.