Abstract
In industry, it is important to measure the voltage and the electric field as they are indispensable in the design of insulation systems which allow detecting voltage problems (insufficient voltage, voltage drop, voltage distortion, voltage cut-off, etc.), despite the high performance of advanced numerical calculation methods that exist today, which unfortunately are still unable to estimate the distribution of the disturbed electric field in the presence of space charges. Indeed, the distribution of space charges (a cloud of electrons, located in a space that may be vacuum, gas, liquid or solid that can impede the displacement of the flow of circulating electrons) depends on factors such as the mobility of charged particles and the ionization rate of gaseous molecules. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure the intensity of the electric field in order to obtain more efficiency and reliability of the operations in high voltage systems. The development of nanotechnology, microelectronics and integrated optics (all optical components are combined on a single support) led to the birth of optical electric field sensors. Electric field sensors using the E/O effect fall into two categories, namely low-field sensors and high-field sensors. In this context, the present work focuses on the optical and electro-optical properties of the material used. The configurations and geometric shapes are studied in order to choose the most appropriate ones for various applications.