Abstract
The green chemicals based on bio-surface-active ionic liquids attracted great attention in the petroleum industry as a result of their high efficiency as multipurpose additives for the petroleum crude oils and their products. In the present work, the chemical structure of cardanol produced from cashew nut shell oil was modified and etherified with epichlorohydrine, tetraethylene glycol, and ethanolamine to produce branched non-ionic surfactants. The amine groups of the cardanoxy ethoxy branches were quaternized and polymerized using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid to produce dendritic protic ionic liquid. The chemical structure, surface activity, ζ potential, and aggregation characteristics of the new modified dendritic non-ionic cardanoxy polyphenol and its poly(ionic liquid) in aqueous solution were analyzed and identified. Their applications as asphaltene dispersants and demulsifiers for the heavy petroleum crude oil emulsions were investigated to confirm their promising performances.