Abstract
Sterically hindered amines such as triacetonamine and certain closely related analogs have been applied in medicine, pharmacology and industry. Various methods of synthesis of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one (triacetonamine) derivatives start generally with acetone, phorone, piperidine N-oxides, piperidine alcohols, and 4-dimethylamine piperidine derivatives. Physical properties of triacetonamine including density, boiling point, flash point, and melting point have been determined. Reactions of triacetonamine derivatives with various organic reagents are also summarized. Triacetonamine derivatives react via three functional groups including carbonyl, methylenes adjacent to the carbonyl group, and NH. Some other miscellaneous reactions are presented. Conformation of triacetonamine is described. Theoretical models for the conformations of triacetonamine have been developed by quantum and molecular mechanics methods. Triacetonamine demonstrates different types of biological activities, such as antialzheimer, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, anticancer, antioxidant, P38 kinase inhibitor, DNA labelling, antispasmodic, and psychotropic, and high ganglionic blocking.