Abstract
Background: N,N'-Diacylhydrazines are involved in many synthetic transformations. The current work reviews the synthesis of N,N'-diacylhydrazines and their use in various synthetic transformations. Results: Three synthetic routes are commonly used to produce N,N'-diacylhydrazines. They are produced through the coupling of acyl chlorides and carbohydrazides, the reaction of hydrazine hydrate and carboxylic acids or isocyanates, and the dimerization of carbohydrazides. They can be oxidized to produce the corresponding esters and act as precursors in the synthesis of various heterocycles such as 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, pyrazoles, tetrazines, and crown ethers. Conclusions: Various synthetic procedures have been reported for the production of N,N'diacylhydrazines. N,N'-Diacylhydrazines are involved in the synthesis of various heterocycles.
Diacylhydrazines are closely involved in many organic syntheses and widespread applications in different areas. Diacylhydrazines are nitrogen rich and can form hydrogen bonds with enzymes [1]. They have various biological activities and are closely involved in agrochemicals as insect growth regulators [2]. They are common environmentally safe insecticides against lepidopteran larvae and ground-dwelling coleopterans [3-5]. Some common insecticides containing diacylhydrazines such as halofenozide (1), KU-106 (2), methoxyfenozide (3), and tebulfenozide (4) are shown in Fig. (1)