Abstract
Spiropyrazoles display many biological activities such as antitumor, vasodilation,
analgesic, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, aldosterone antagonistic, anabolic, androgenic, antiinflammatory,
progestational and salt-retaining activities, and they also exert neuroprotection
in dopaminergic cell death. Many efforts have been made to obtain these derivatives with high
yield and excellent regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Most of the spiroprazole synthesis
methods were proceeded in good to excellent yield in the presence of organic catalysts,
such as squaramide, NHC pre-catalyst, pyrrole derivatives, bis-oxazoline, etc. DMAP, DABCO,
thiourea derivatives, DBU, acetic acid and quinoline catalysts. In addition, the inorganic
and organometallic catalysts have been proven their efficiency in the synthesis of various types
of spiro-pyrazoles in excellent yield. Thus, in this review, we have compiled all citations for
the synthesis of spiropyrazoles in the presence of various types of catalysts such as organic, inorganic, and metalorganic
catalysts in the range 2020 to 2012. This review article is a useful compilation for researchers interested in the
synthesis of spiropyrazole derivatives and will assist them in selecting appropriate catalysts for the preparation of
their spiropyrazoles.