Abstract
A revision of taxonomic structure of Ploynocephalus arabicus Anderson, 1984 complex is presented. Phrynocephalus nejdensis Haas, 1957 and Phrynocephalus macropeltis Haas, 1957 are considered as valid species, based on the morphological and genetic difference. A new species from south-western Iran, the Ahvaz plains is described. It differs morphologically from all other representatives of the species Ph. arabicus complex by body and tail proportions, dorsal coloration, undertail coloration and genetic characters.