Abstract
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•The potential antigen targets are being utilized for the formulation of an effective vaccine. Spike protein is the most utilized antigen target for vaccine development, however other structural and non-structural proteins are also considered potent targets.•Several clinical trials, for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, are ongoing. However a varying number of challenges are being encountered during the process of vaccine development, manufacturing, and mass distribution.•Conventional vaccination strategies pose toxicities, novel platforms for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are proving to be effective and safe in larger clinical trials.
The SARS-CoV-2, previously called a novel coronavirus, that broke out in the Wuhan city of China caused a significant number of morbidity and mortality in the world. It is spreading at peak levels since the first case reported and the need for vaccines is in immense demand globally. Numerous treatment and vaccination strategies that were previously employed for other pathogens including coronaviruses are now being been adopted to guide the formulation of new SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Several vaccine targets can be utilized for the development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this review, we highlighted the potential of various antigenic targets and other modes for formulating an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. There are a varying number of challenges encountered during developing the most effective vaccines, and measures for tackling such challenges will assist in fast pace development of vaccines. This review will give a concise overview of various aspects of the vaccine development process against SARS-CoV-2, including 1) potential antigen targets 2) different vaccination strategies from conventional to novel platforms, 3) ongoing clinical trials, 4) varying challenges encountered during developing the most effective vaccine and the futuristic approaches.