Abstract
Purpose: To examine the temporal trends and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) phenotypes across Asian American ethnic groups. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective study using the 1992-2018 natality data files obtained from the National Vital Statistics System. Joinpoint regression modeling was employed to cal-culate the average annual percentage change in SGA birth rates among Asian American sub-groups and NH-White women. Logistic regression was utilized to compute the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confi-dence interval for the association between maternal race (Asian American sub-groups vs. NH-White) and SGA birth and its phenotypes. Results: We analyzed data on 2,821,798 Asian Americans and 62,174,875 NH-White US live-born infants. Overall, NH-Whites had the lowest SGA rates, while all the Asian ethnic groups had almost consistently higher rates during the 27-year period. Disparity in SGA births in the Asian subgroups was observed. Compared to NH-Whites, stratified analyses showed varying and significantly higher odds of any SGA in all Asian ethnic groups. Asian Indians had the highest odds [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.22-2.23] of any SGA compared to NH-Whites. Conclusions: Our findings support the evidence that Asian Americans are not a homogenous group and highlight the need to disentangle these differences when conducting population health research and in-terventions among Asian Americans. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.