Abstract
The use of the older generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy and lactation is known to be associated with increased risk of birth defects in the offspring. Much less has been known about newer generation AEDs to which Levetiracetam (LEV) belongs. LEV is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug which is currently licensed worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic effects of LEV on fetuses of albino rats. Pregnant albino rats(Rattusnorvegicus) were administered daily oral doses of 300mg/kg or 600mg/kg from the 5th day of gestation till the end of lactation. The animals were sacrificed at the end of gestation and during lactation. Fetuses were removed from the uterus and evaluated for mortality rate, growth parameters, morphological and skeletal malformations as well as histological study of brain, liver and kidney. The data revealed that fetal weights were significantly reduced in most study groups. Resorption rates were significantly increased with increasing LEV doses. It was found that mild degenerative changes were observed in the liver, kidney as well as the brain following LEV administration. Levetiracetam pretreatment caused a non-significant effect on the level of lipid peroxidation. No significant correlation was noted between GSH levels and the anticonvulsant effects of Levetiracetam. Thus administration of LVE during pregnancy and lactation should only be considered if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than any possible risk to the fetus.