Abstract
Introduction: According to the present evidence, there seems to be a variation with regards to the role of probiotics in the reduction of peri-implant inflammation and a systematic review is thought to be necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotics compared with placebo in peri-implant disease.
Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implant diseases.
Materials and Methods: Main electronic databases were explored until January 2019. Published articles measuring clinical efficacy of probiotics in any form with active intervention, placebo, or no treatment were considered. Probing Depth (PD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and Plaque Index (Pi) were selected as outcome variables. Meta-analysis reporting Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) and Odds Ratio (OR) of outcomes with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).
Results: Six clinical trials were included. Considering the overall effect of probiotics versus placebo in peri-implant mucositis, no significant differences were observed for PD (WMD=-0.11, 95% CI =-0.43;0.21, p=0.50). BOP (OR=1.03. 95% CI=0.40;2.62, p=0.94) and Pi (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.29;2.18, p=0.66. In addition, the overall effect for PD (WMD.-0.25, 95% CI=-0.79;0.28, p=0.34), BOP (WMD=0.44, 95% CI=-0.99;0.10, p=0.11) and Pi (WMD=0.13, 95% CI=-0.67;0.40, p=0.62) in peri-implantitis was not statistically significant either.
Conclusion: Based on the qualitative and quantitative results of this review, the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implant diseases remains debatable.