Abstract
Prevention of high-risk human-wildlife and human-human interactions, which can accelerate the occurrence of future outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics, requires global efforts. These efforts should focus on reducing the risk of contact with wildlife, pre-outbreak surveillance of wildlife and high-risk people, improvement of wildlife trade biosafety, and learning lessons from the previous attacks. International collaborations, building on the experiences learnt during facing the attacks by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SAR-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), will accelerate implementation of novel anti-viral prevention and control measures to avoid occurrence of such devastating viral outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics in the future.