Abstract
This study estimated that the combined effect of gamma-Oryzanol and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats also estimated some of their mechanisms of action. Adult male rats were divided into seven groups (n = 8 each) as control, control + NAC, control + gamma-Oryzanol, HFD, HFD + NAC, HFD + gamma-Oryzanol, and HFD + NAC + gamma-Oryzanol. NAC was administered orally at a final concentration of 200 mg/kg, whereas gamma-Oryzanol was added to diets at a concentration of 0.16. All treatments were conducted for 17 weeks and daily. Both NAC and gamma-Oryzanol were able to reduce final body weights, fat weights, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum, and serum levels of liver function enzymes as well as the inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukine-6 (IL-6), and leptin in HFD-fed rats. They also improved hepatic structure and glucose tolerance, increased adiponectin levels, and reduced serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol (CHOL) in these rats. These effects were concomitant with a reduction in the hepatic levels of lipid peroxides (MDA) and serum levels of LDL-C, but also with an increment in the hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Interestingly, only treatment with gamma-Oryzanol stimulated the mRNA levels of proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of rats. Of note, the combination therapy of both drugs resulted in maximum effects and restored almost normal liver structure and basal levels of all the above-mentioned metabolic parameters. In conclusion, a combination therapy of gamma-Oryzanol and NAC is an effective therapy to treat NAFLD, which can act via several mechanisms on the liver and adipose tissue.