Abstract
•Novel solution for passive cooling of PV with fins, 1-PCM and 2-PCM.•Drop in PV temp was 9.2, 10.2, 11.4, 12.2, 13.5 °C with 0, 2, 5, 8, 11 fins respectively.•1-PCM configuration performs better than 2-PCM when 1-PCM has PCM of lower m.p.•2-PCM configuration is better only when 1-PCM configuration has PCM of higher m.p.•Electrical power output enhanced by 13.3% (1-PCM) and 8.8% (2-PCM)
The temperature regulation of photovoltaic (PV) modules using passive approach with phase-change materials (PCMs) has fascinated many researchers now-a-days. This article presents real-time experimental investigation of PV panels with PCM under warm climate of Taxila, Pakistan in two phases. In first phase, effect of fins inserted into PCM, is examined by varying number of fins as 2, 5, 8 and 11. Due to improved heat conduction within PCM through metal contact, PV cell temperature lowered by maximum 22.9 °C, 23.7 °C, 24.1 °C, 24.9 °C and 26.5 °C with finless, 2-fin, 5-fin, 8-fin and 11-fin PV/PCM configurations respectively, improving electrical conversion efficiency from 10.2% to 10.9%, 11.3%, 11.6%, 11.8% and 12.2% respectively. In second phase, effect of using 2 PCMs of different melting points, separated by finned-aluminum plate, is investigated and compared with one PCM for PV cooling. It is found that one PCM configuration is more efficient than two PCM configurations as cell temperature lowers on average by 9.7 °C, 7.9 °C and 7 °C with one PCM configuration and two different configurations (i.e. different order) of 2 PCMs respectively. Electrical power output also enhances by 13.3%, 8.8%, and 7.8% respectively. 2-PCM configurations shows better performance than 1-PCM configuration in case only when it is compared to 1-PCM configuration having PCM of higher melting point. Order of PCMs has no significant effect on PV-performance.