Abstract
Aims: Examining associations between unit nurse practice environment and four patient outcomes (catheter associated urinary tract infections [CAUTIs], central line-associated bloodstream infections [CLABSIs], falls, and pressure injuries) and mediation effects of three RN unit workgroup outcomes (job enjoyment, psychological safety, and intent to stay at 1 and 3 years) on these relationships. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design, using the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (R) (NDNQI (R)) unit-level data from 2018 on inpatient units from seven Middle Eastern hospitals. Ninety units were included, where the sample of units for each patient outcome varied (n = 73-90) based on outcome data availability. Results: Higher unit nurse practice environment scores were significantly associated with higher CLABSIs (exp(b) = 8.181, 95 % CI = [2.204, 30.371], p = .002) and lower pressure injuries (exp(b) = 0.153, 95 % CI = [0.032, 0.730], p = .018). However, mediation analysis showed no significant direct effects of unit nurse practice environment on patient outcomes. Mediation analysis showed that nurses' psychological safety-respect significantly mediated the relationship between unit nurse practice environment and CAUTIs (13 = 2.620, p = .013, 95 % bcb CI = [0.837, 5.070]). Nurses' intent to stay at 1-year and psychological safety-respect had significant direct effects (13 =-4.784, p = .017 and 13 = 3.073, p = .012, respectively) on CAUTIs. Conclusions: Nurse practice environment was significantly associated with two patient outcomes and a mediation role of RN outcomes was supported when examining one patient outcome. Future research should examine these relationships in a larger sample for replication. Tweetable abstract: Although nurse practice environment can impact patient outcomes directly, nurse outcomes play a crucial role in mediating this relationship.