Abstract
The recent massive development in the next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms and bioinformatics tools including cloud-based NGS data analyses have proven extremely useful in understanding the deeper-level phylogenetic relationships of angiosperms. The family ‘Apiaceae Lindley / Umbelliferae Jussieu’ and Araliaceae Jussieu resemble each other in the structure of their gynoecia, were placed in the order Apiales Nakai, and are closely related. The family Araliaceae with the subfamily 1. Hydrocotyloideae Link, 2. Harmsiopanax Harms and 3. Aralioideae Eaton accepted as a monophyletic branch within the Apiales, an order within the Asterids. Of these, Hydrocotyle L. from Hydrocotyloideae Link of Apiaceae transferred to Araliaceae based on molecular phylogenetic studies. The present study evaluates the proximity of H. umbellata with Araliaceae based on plastome and phylotranscriptomic analyses using the minimum evolution method. The analyses revealed the nesting of the H. umbellata under the family Araliaceae in the MPT (Maximum Parsimony Tree), and the proximity of H. umbellata under the family Araliaceae further supported by the evolutionary divergence between the sequences and plastome alignment.