Abstract
A strategy for enriching, separating and determining the inorganic phosphate ions in water based on the use of polyurethane foam (PUFs) physically immobilized with some ion pairing or basic dyes has been reported. The retention of inorganic phosphate from the test aqueous solution containing molybdate ions onto untreated- and ion pairing reagent e.g. crystal violet (CV) or tetrabutylammoniumtetrafluoroborate (Bu4N+·BF4−) impregnated PUFs solid phase extractor was followed the order: unloaded<CV<Bu4N+·BF4− treated PUFs sorbent at pH3.5–4.5. The kinetics of analyte sorption onto Bu4N+·BF4− treated PUFs at optimized pH (pH3.4–4.5) was fast and followed first order rate equation with an overall rate constant of 0.062min−1. Film and intraparticle transport are the main factors controlling the rate of phosphate sorption onto the sorbent from solutions at pH=3.5–4.5. Phosphate uptake followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Thus, a dual-mode sorption involving absorption related to “weak base anion exchanger” and an added component for “surface adsorption” is the most probable retention mechanism for phosphate uptake by Bu4N+·BF4− loaded PUFs sorbent. Chromatographic separation of phosphate by Bu4N+·BF4− treated PUFs packed column was carried out. The number (N) and the height equivalent to the theoretical plates (HETP), critical and breakthrough capacities were found equal 81±4, 0.13±0.02mm, 2.5±0.2 and 27.25±2.06mgg−1, respectively. These results suggested the use of the proposed Bu4N+·BF4− treated PUFs in packed column for separation of trace levels of phosphate in water. The retained phosphate were recovered quantitatively (102.6±2.4–106.2±3.2%) with NaOH (0.5molL−1) and analyzed. The proposed column was applied for separation and recovery of phosphate ions in waste- and seawater samples. The results were in good agreement with the spiked and expected phosphate concentrations at 95% confidence.
•Film and intraparticle transport are the main factors controlling phosphate sorption.•Phosphate uptake followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.•A dual “anion exchanger” and “surface adsorption” mechanism of phosphate uptake•Chromatographic separation of phosphate by treated PUFs packed column•Sorbent packed column could be reused for 5 times without a decrease in performance.