Abstract
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare disease, accounting for 5% of all thyroid malignancies. Diffuse B-cell lymphoma (DBCL) is the most common type of PTL, about 50-80% of PTL is DBCL. The case of an 81year-old female, known case of diabetes and heart disease, is presented with large neck mass on the left side, pushing the airway and not associated with B symptoms. On examination, 9 cm neck mass detected on the left side and no cervical lymph nodes. CT scan showed left sizeable soft tissue mass measures 8.7 cm, compressing the trachea. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was inconclusive, and the biopsy revealed DBCL, which indicated PTL. PTL originated from B cells, especially DBCL, there is no consensual therapeutic scheme for PTL; each case must be evaluated and treated separately. Treatment included surgery or Radiotherapy to achieve reasonable local disease control, combined with chemotherapy for control spread disease, and improving the outcome. The five-year Over-all survival (OS) for PTL in the literature range from 35% to 100%. PTL considered to be tough to diagnose in the preoperative period; Each case diagnosed with PTL should be evaluated and treated separately, depending on the staging after the diagnosis. Well-organized care and, combined modalities revealed effective management.