Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Angela E. Micah; Ian E. Cogswell; Brandon Cunningham; Satoshi Ezoe; Anton C. Harle; Emilie R. Maddison; Darrah McCracken; Shuhei Nomura; Kyle E. Simpson; Hayley N. Stutzman; Golsum Tsakalos; Lindsey E. Wallace; Yingxi Zhao; Rahul R. Zende; Cristiana Abbafati; Michael Abdelmasseh; Aidin Abedi; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; E. S. Abhilash; Hassan Abolhassani; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Tara Ballav Adhikari; Saira Afzal; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Sepideh Ahmadi; Haroon Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Tarik Ahmed Rashid; Marjan Ajami; Budi Aji; Yonas Akalu; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Hanadi Al Hamad; Khurshid Alam; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Turki M. Alanzi; Yosef Alemayehu; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Cyrus Alinia; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Sami Almustanyir Almustanyir; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Saeed Amini; Mostafa Amini-Rarani; Hubert Amu; Robert Ancuceanu; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Blake Angell; Mina Anjomshoa; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Catherine M. Antony; Muhammad Aqeel; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Timur Aripov; Alessandro Arrigo; Tahira Ashraf; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Marcel Ausloos; Leticia Avila-Burgos; Asma Tahir Awan; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Samad Azari; Gulrez Shah Azhar; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Mohammad Amin Bahrami; Atif Amin Baig; Maciej Banach; Nastaran Barati; Till Winfried Barnighausen; Amadou Barrow; Sanjay Basu; Bernhard T. Baune; Mohsen Bayati; Habib Benzian; Adam E. Berman; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Sonu Bhaskar; Sadia Bibi; Ali Bijani; Virginia Bodolica; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Dejana Braithwaite; Nicholas J. K. Breitborde; Alexey V. Breusov; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Reinhard Busse; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Emily Joy Callander; Luis Alberto Camera; Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela; Ferran Catala-Lopez; Jaykaran Charan; Souranshu Chatterjee; Soosanna Kumary Chattu; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Simiao Chen; Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero; Omid Dadras; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Xiaochen Dai; Koustuv Dalal; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Jan-Walter De Neve; Antonio Reis de Sa-Junior; Edgar Denova-Gutierrez; Deepak Dhamnetiya; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Leila Doshmangir; John Dube; Elham Ehsani-Chimeh; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Farshad Farzadfar; Tomas Y. Ferede; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A. Foigt; Alberto Freitas; Sara D. Friedman; Takeshi Fukumoto; Nancy Fullman; Peter Andras Gaal; Mohamed M. Gad; M. A. Garcia-Gordillo; Tushar Garg; Mansour Ghafourifard; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Asadollah Gholamian; Ali Gholamrezanezhad; Ghozali Ghozali; Syed Amir Gilani; Ionela-Roxana Glavan; Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova; Salime Goharinezhad; Mahaveer Golechha; Srinivas Goli; Avirup Guha; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Annie Haakenstad; Mohammad Rifat Haider; Alemayehu Hailu; Samer Hamidi; Asif Hanif; Harapan Harapan; Risky Kusuma Hartono; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Shoaib Hassan; Mohamed H. Hassanein; Khezar Hayat; Mohamed I. Hegazy; Golnaz Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Ileana Heredia-Pi; Claudiu Herteliu; Kamal Hezam; Ramesh Holla; Sheikh Jamal Hossain; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Sorin Hostiuc; Tanvir M. Huda; Bing-Fang Hwang; Ivo Iavicoli; Bulat Idrisov; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Gaetano Isola; Mohammad Ali Jahani; Nader Jahanmehr; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia; Tahereh Javaheri; Sathish Kumar Jayapal; Ranil Jayawardena; Seyed Behzad Jazayeri; Ravi Prakash Jha; Jost B. Jonas; Tamas Joo; Farahnaz Joukar; Mikk Jurisson; Billingsley Kaambwa; Rohollah Kalhor; Tanuj Kanchan; Himal Kandel; Behzad Karami Matin; Salah Eddin Karimi; Getinet Kassahun; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Leila Keikavoosi-Arani; Yousef Saleh Khader; Himanshu Khajuria; Rovshan Khalilov; Mohammad Khammarnia; Junaid Khan; Jagdish Khubchandani; Neda Kianipour; Gyu Ri Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Stefan Kohler; Soewarta Kosen; Rajasekaran Koteeswaran; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; G. Anil Kumar; Dian Kusuma; Demetris Lamnisos; Van Charles Lansingh; Anders O. Larsson; Savita Lasrado; Long Khanh Dao Le; Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Yeong Yeh Lee; Stephen S. Lim; Stany W. Lobo; Rafael Lozano; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek; Mokhtar Mahdavi Mahdavi; Azeem Majeed; Alaa Makki; Afshin Maleki; Reza Malekzadeh; Ana Laura Manda; Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo; Adolfo Martinez-Valle; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Richard James Maude; Martin Mckee; Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis; Ritesh G. Menezes; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Mohamed Kamal Mesregah; Tomislav Mestrovic; Neda Milevska Kostova; Ted R. Miller; G. K. Mini; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Bahram Mohajer; Teroj Abdulrahman Mohamed; Mokhtar Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Shafiu Mohammed; Modhurima Moitra; Ali H. Mokdad; Mariam Molokhia; Mohammad Ali Moni; Yousef Moradi; Jakub Morze; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa; Moses K. Muriithi; Saravanan Muthupandian; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mukhammad David Naimzada; Vinay Nangia; Atta Abbas Naqvi; Aparna Ichalangod Narayana; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Muhammad Naveed; Biswa Prakash Nayak; Javad Nazari; Rawlance Ndejjo; Ionut Negoi; Sandhya Neupane Kandel; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Justice Nonvignon; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Vincent Ebuka Nwatah; Bogdan Oancea; Foluke Adetola Ogunyemi Ojelabi; Andrew T. Olagunju; Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde; Stefano Olgiati; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Adrian Otoiu; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Raffaele Palladino; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Eun-Cheol Park; Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan; Shrikant Pawar; Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi; David M. Pereira; Arokiasamy Perianayagam; Konrad Pesudovs; Cristiano Piccinelli; Maarten J. Postma; Sergio I. Prada; Mohammad Rabiee; Navid Rabiee; Fakher Rahim; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Mosiur Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Usha Ram; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Priyanga Ranasinghe; Chythra R. Rao; Priya Rathi; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Reza Rawassizadeh; Robert C. Reiner; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Bhageerathy Reshmi; Mavra A. Riaz; Rezaul Karim Ripon; Anas M. Saad; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; Maitreyi Sahu; Joseph S. Salama; Sana Salehi; Abdallah M. Samy; Juan Sanabria; Francesco Sanmarchi; Joao Vasco Santos; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Brijesh Sathian; Miloje Savic; Deepak Saxena; Mehdi Sayyah; Falk Schwendicke; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Allen Seylani; Saeed Shahabi; Masood Ali Shaikh; Aziz Sheikh; Adithi Shetty; Pavanchand H. Shetty; Kenji Shibuya; Mark G. Shrime; Kanwar Hamza Shuja; Jasvinder A. Singh; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Shahin Soltani; Moslem Soofi; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Simona Catalina Stefan; Viktoria Szerencses; Miklos Szocska; Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos; Biruk Wogayehu Taddele; Yonas Getaye Tefera; Aravind Thavamani; Ruoyan Tobe-Gai; Roman Topor-Madry; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Bach Xuan Tran; Lorainne Tudor Car; Anayat Ullah; Saif Ullah; Nasir Umar; Eduardo A. Undurraga; Pascual R. Valdez; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Jorge Hugo Villafane; Francesco S. Violante; Vasily Vlassov; Bay Vo; Sebastian Vollmer; Theo Vos; Giang Thu Vu; Linh Gia Vu; Richard G. Wamai; Andrea Werdecker; Mesfin Agachew Woldekidan; Befikadu Legesse Wubishet; Gelin Xu; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Vahit Yigit; Paul Yip; Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mustafa Z. Younis; Chuanhua Yu; Ismaeel Yunusa; Telma Zahirian Moghadam; Hamed Zandian; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Arash Ziapour; Yves Miel H. Zuniga; Simon I. Hay; Christopher J. L. Murray; Joseph L. Dieleman; Global Burden Dis Hlth Financing

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01258-7

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Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

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Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Angela E. Micah, Ian E. Cogswell, Brandon Cunningham, Satoshi Ezoe, Anton C. Harle, Emilie R. Maddison, Darrah McCracken, Shuhei Nomura, Kyle E. Simpson, Hayley N. Stutzman, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.398(10308), pp.1317-1343

09/10/2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01258-7

PMID: 34562388

Abstract

General & Internal Medicine

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Medicine, General & Internal

Science & Technology

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Title: Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
Creators - without role: Angela E. Micah - University of Washington
Ian E. Cogswell - University of Washington
Brandon Cunningham - University of Washington
Satoshi Ezoe - The University of Tokyo
Anton C. Harle - University of Washington
Emilie R. Maddison - University of Washington
Darrah McCracken - University of Washington
Shuhei Nomura - The University of Tokyo
Kyle E. Simpson - University of Washington
Hayley N. Stutzman - University of Washington
Golsum Tsakalos - University of Washington
Lindsey E. Wallace - University of Washington
Yingxi Zhao - University of Oxford
Rahul R. Zende - University of Washington
Cristiana Abbafati - Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy
Michael Abdelmasseh - Marshall University
Aidin Abedi - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Kedir Hussein Abegaz - Near East University
E. S. Abhilash - Sree Narayana Guru Coll Chelannur, Dept Bot, Kozhikode, India
Hassan Abolhassani - College Station Medical Center
Michael R. M. Abrigo - Philippine Inst Dev Studies, Dept Res, Quezon City, Philippines
Tara Ballav Adhikari - Aarhus University
Saira Afzal - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah - University of Technology Sydney
Sepideh Ahmadi - Shahid Beheshti University
Haroon Ahmed - COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan
Muktar Beshir Ahmed - Jimma University
Tarik Ahmed Rashid - University of Kurdistan Hewler
Marjan Ajami - Shahid Beheshti University
Budi Aji - Jenderal Soedirman University
Yonas Akalu - University of Gondar
Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna - Intercountry Ctr Oral Hlth Afr, Dept Publ Hlth, Jos, Nigeria
Hanadi Al Hamad - College Station Medical Center
Khurshid Alam - Murdoch University
Fahad Mashhour Alanezi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Turki M. Alanzi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Yosef Alemayehu - Arba Minch University
Robert Kaba Alhassan - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana
Cyrus Alinia - Urmia University
Syed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait University
Sami Almustanyir Almustanyir - Alfaisal University
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - Univ Costa, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia
Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk - Univ Costa, Dept Econ Sci, Barranquilla, Colombia
Saeed Amini - Arak University
Mostafa Amini-Rarani - College Station Medical Center
Hubert Amu - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Populat & Behav Sci, Ho, Ghana
Robert Ancuceanu - College Station Medical Center
Catalina Liliana Andrei - College Station Medical Center
Tudorel Andrei - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Blake Angell - UCL, Inst Global Hlth, London, England
Mina Anjomshoa - University of Tehran
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio - University of the Philippines Manila
Catherine M. Antony - University of Washington
Muhammad Aqeel - Fdn Univ Islamabad, Dept Psychol, Rawalpandi, Pakistan
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Morteza Arab-Zozani - College Station Medical Center
Timur Aripov - College Station Medical Center
Alessandro Arrigo - Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, Sci Inst San Raffaele Hosp, Milan, Italy
Tahira Ashraf - University of Lahore
Desta Debalkie Atnafu - Bahir Dar University
Marcel Ausloos - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Leticia Avila-Burgos - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Asma Tahir Awan - Capella University
Getinet Ayano - Curtin University
Martin Amogre Ayanore - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana
Samad Azari - College Station Medical Center
Gulrez Shah Azhar - University of Washington
Tesleem Kayode Babalola - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Mohammad Amin Bahrami - Shiraz University
Atif Amin Baig - Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin Sultan Zainal Abidin Un, Biochem Unit, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Maciej Banach - College Station Medical Center
Nastaran Barati - College Station Medical Center
Till Winfried Barnighausen - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Amadou Barrow - University of the Gambia
Sanjay Basu - Harvard University
Bernhard T. Baune - University of Münster
Mohsen Bayati - Shiraz University
Habib Benzian - NYU, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, New York, NY USA
Adam E. Berman - Augusta University
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula - Charles University
Nikha Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Pankaj Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Sonu Bhaskar - NSW Brain Clot Bank, Neurovasc Imaging Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sadia Bibi - Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Ali Bijani - College Station Medical Center
Virginia Bodolica - University of Sharjah
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi - University of Genoa
Dejana Braithwaite - Univ Florida, Dept Epidemiol, Gainesville, FL USA
Nicholas J. K. Breitborde - The Ohio State University
Alexey V. Breusov - Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Nikolay Ivanovich Briko - Evidence
Reinhard Busse - Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany
Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado - Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Emily Joy Callander - Monash University
Luis Alberto Camera - College Station Medical Center
Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela - Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
Ferran Catala-Lopez - Supreme Council Of Health
Jaykaran Charan - College Station Medical Center
Souranshu Chatterjee - Medanta Medicity, Dept Microbiol & Infect Control, Gurugram, India
Soosanna Kumary Chattu - Texila Amer Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Georgetown, Guyana
Vijay Kumar Chattu - University of Toronto
Simiao Chen - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero - University of Bologna
Omid Dadras - Kyoto University
Saad M. A. Dahlawi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Xiaochen Dai - University of Washington
Koustuv Dalal - Mid Sweden University
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
Dragos Virgil Davitoiu - College Station Medical Center
Jan-Walter De Neve - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Antonio Reis de Sa-Junior - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Clin Med, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Edgar Denova-Gutierrez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Deepak Dhamnetiya
Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne - University of Washington
Leila Doshmangir - College Station Medical Center
John Dube - University of Windsor
Elham Ehsani-Chimeh - University of Tehran
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki - Cairo University
Maha El Tantawi - Alexandria University
Sharareh Eskandarieh - University of Tehran
Farshad Farzadfar - University of Tehran
Tomas Y. Ferede - Hawassa University
Florian Fischer - Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany
Nataliya A. Foigt - College Station Medical Center
Alberto Freitas - Universidade do Porto
Sara D. Friedman - Supreme Council Of Health
Takeshi Fukumoto - Kobe University
Nancy Fullman - University of Washington
Peter Andras Gaal - Semmelweis University
Mohamed M. Gad - College Station Medical Center
M. A. Garcia-Gordillo - Univ Autonoma Chile, Fac Business & Management, Talca, Chile
Tushar Garg - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Mansour Ghafourifard - College Station Medical Center
Ahmad Ghashghaee - College Station Medical Center
Asadollah Gholamian - Islamic Azad University, Tehran
Ali Gholamrezanezhad - Univ Southern Calif, Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Ghozali Ghozali - Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember
Syed Amir Gilani - University of Lahore
Ionela-Roxana Glavan - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova - Evidence
Salime Goharinezhad - College Station Medical Center
Mahaveer Golechha - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India
Srinivas Goli - University of Western Australia
Avirup Guha - The Ohio State University
Veer Bala Gupta - Deakin University
Vivek Kumar Gupta - Macquarie University
Annie Haakenstad - University of Washington
Mohammad Rifat Haider - Ohio University
Alemayehu Hailu - University of Bergen
Samer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Asif Hanif - University of Lahore
Harapan Harapan - Syiah Kuala University
Risky Kusuma Hartono - Inst Publ Hlth Sci, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia Maju, Indonesian Adv Coll Hlth Sci, Jakarta, Indonesia
Ahmed I. Hasaballah - Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
Shoaib Hassan - University of Bergen
Mohamed H. Hassanein - Cleveland Clin, Dept Hypertens & Nephrol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Khezar Hayat - Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Mohamed I. Hegazy - Cairo University
Golnaz Heidari
Delia Hendrie - Curtin University
Ileana Heredia-Pi - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Kamal Hezam - Taiz University
Ramesh Holla - College Station Medical Center
Sheikh Jamal Hossain - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - College Station Medical Center
Sorin Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Tanvir M. Huda - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bing-Fang Hwang - College Station Medical Center
Ivo Iavicoli - University of Naples Federico II
Bulat Idrisov - UFA
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - University of Ibadan
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - University of Sydney
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail - Mahsa University
Gaetano Isola - University of Catania
Mohammad Ali Jahani - College Station Medical Center
Nader Jahanmehr - Shahid Beheshti University
Mihajlo Jakovljevic - Hosei University
Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia - Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Manipal, India
Tahereh Javaheri - Boston University
Sathish Kumar Jayapal - Minist Hlth, Ctr Studies & Res, Muscat, Oman
Ranil Jayawardena - University of Colombo
Seyed Behzad Jazayeri - Univ Florida, Dept Urol, Jacksonville, FL USA
Ravi Prakash Jha - College Station Medical Center
Jost B. Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Tamas Joo - Semmelweis University
Farahnaz Joukar - College Station Medical Center
Mikk Jurisson - University of Tartu
Billingsley Kaambwa - Flinders University
Rohollah Kalhor - College Station Medical Center
Tanuj Kanchan - College Station Medical Center
Himal Kandel - University of Sydney
Behzad Karami Matin - College Station Medical Center
Salah Eddin Karimi - College Station Medical Center
Getinet Kassahun - Hawassa University
Gbenga A. Kayode - Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Int Res Ctr Excellence, Abuja, Nigeria
Ali Kazemi Karyani - College Station Medical Center
Leila Keikavoosi-Arani - Supreme Council Of Health
Yousef Saleh Khader - Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan
Himanshu Khajuria - Amity Univ, Amity Inst Forens Sci, Noida, India
Rovshan Khalilov - Baku State University
Mohammad Khammarnia - College Station Medical Center
Junaid Khan - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Populat Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Jagdish Khubchandani - New Mexico State University
Neda Kianipour - College Station Medical Center
Gyu Ri Kim - Yonsei University
Yun Jin Kim - Xiamen University Malaysia
Adnan Kisa - Supreme Council Of Health
Sezer Kisa - Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway
Stefan Kohler - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Soewarta Kosen
Rajasekaran Koteeswaran - Supreme Council Of Health
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana - College Station Medical Center
Ai Koyanagi - CIBERSAM, San Juan de Dios Sanit Pk, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Kewal Krishan - Panjab University
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Dian Kusuma - Supreme Council Of Health
Demetris Lamnisos - European University Cyprus
Van Charles Lansingh - HelpMeSee, New York, NY USA
Anders O. Larsson - Uppsala University
Savita Lasrado - College Station Medical Center
Long Khanh Dao Le - Deakin University
Shaun Wen Huey Lee - Monash University
Yeong Yeh Lee - College Station Medical Center
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
Stany W. Lobo - College Station Medical Center
Rafael Lozano - University of Washington
Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek - Egypt Minist Hlth & Populat, Dept Radiol, Mansoura, Egypt
Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek - Minist Hlth & Populat, Dept Ophthalmol, Aswan, Egypt
Mokhtar Mahdavi Mahdavi - College Station Medical Center
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Alaa Makki - University of Sharjah
Afshin Maleki - University of Tehran
Reza Malekzadeh - University of Tehran
Ana Laura Manda - College Station Medical Center
Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - University of Tehran
Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo - University of Cartagena
Adolfo Martinez-Valle - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Hlth Policy & Populat Res Ctr, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi - College Station Medical Center
Richard James Maude - University of Oxford
Martin Mckee - Supreme Council Of Health
Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis - Autonomous Univ Hidalgo State, Dept Dent, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
Ritesh G. Menezes - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Atte Meretoja - Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neurol Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Tuomo J. Meretoja - Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Mohamed Kamal Mesregah - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Tomislav Mestrovic - Dr Zora Profoz Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
Neda Milevska Kostova - Inst Social Innovat, Skopje, North Macedonia
Ted R. Miller - Curtin University
G. K. Mini - Ananthapuri Hosp & Res Inst, Global Inst Publ Hlth, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Andreea Mirica - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - College Station Medical Center
Bahram Mohajer - University of Tehran
Teroj Abdulrahman Mohamed - University of Duhok
Mokhtar Mohammadi - Lebanese French University
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani - Shahrekord University
Shafiu Mohammed - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Modhurima Moitra - University of Washington
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Mariam Molokhia - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Ali Moni - Pabna Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Pabna, Bangladesh
Yousef Moradi - College Station Medical Center
Jakub Morze - Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Cardiol & Cardiac Surg, Olsztyn, Poland
Seyyed Meysam Mousavi - College Station Medical Center
Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa - Flinders University
Moses K. Muriithi - University of Nairobi
Saravanan Muthupandian - Mekelle University
Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan - Initiat Financing Hlth & Human Dev, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Mukhammad David Naimzada - Supreme Council Of Health
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
Atta Abbas Naqvi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Aparna Ichalangod Narayana - Manipal Coll Dent Sci, Manipal, India
Bruno Ramos Nascimento - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Clin Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Muhammad Naveed - Univ Cent Punjab, Dept Biotechnol, Lahore, Pakistan
Biswa Prakash Nayak - Amity Univ, Amity Inst Forens Sci, Noida, India
Javad Nazari - Arak University
Rawlance Ndejjo - Makerere University
Ionut Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Sandhya Neupane Kandel - Bupa
Trang Huyen Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Justice Nonvignon - University of Ghana
Jean Jacques Noubiap - University of Adelaide
Vincent Ebuka Nwatah - Natl Hosp, Dept Pediat, Abuja, Nigeria
Bogdan Oancea - University of Bucharest
Foluke Adetola Ogunyemi Ojelabi - United Nations
Andrew T. Olagunju - University of Lagos
Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde - Natl AIDS Control Comm, Community Prevent & Care Serv, Abuja, Nigeria
Stefano Olgiati - University of Bergamo
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya - Healthy Start
Obinna E. Onwujekwe - University of Nigeria
Adrian Otoiu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Nikita Otstavnov - Supreme Council Of Health
Stanislav S. Otstavnov - Supreme Council Of Health
Mayowa O. Owolabi - University of Ibadan
Jagadish Rao Padubidri - College Station Medical Center
Raffaele Palladino - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Eun-Cheol Park - Yonsei University
Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan - College Station Medical Center
Shrikant Pawar - Yale University
Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi - College Station Medical Center
David M. Pereira - Universidade do Porto
Arokiasamy Perianayagam - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Konrad Pesudovs - UNSW Sydney
Cristiano Piccinelli - City Hlth & Sci Univ Hosp Turin, SSD Epidemiol Screening, Turin, Italy
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Sergio I. Prada - Fdn Valle del Lili, Clin Res Ctr, Cali, Colombia
Mohammad Rabiee - Amirkabir University of Technology
Navid Rabiee - Sharif University of Technology
Fakher Rahim - University of Tehran
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman - College Station Medical Center
Mosiur Rahman - Resource
Amir Masoud Rahmani - Duy Tan University
Usha Ram - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat - Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Priyanga Ranasinghe - University of Colombo
Chythra R. Rao - College Station Medical Center
Priya Rathi - College Station Medical Center
David Laith Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Salman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Lal Rawal - Supreme Council Of Health
Reza Rawassizadeh - Boston University
Robert C. Reiner - University of Washington
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Bhageerathy Reshmi - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Manipal, India
Mavra A. Riaz - Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin Sultan Zainal Abidin Un, Fac Business & Management, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Rezaul Karim Ripon - Jahangirnagar University
Anas M. Saad - Cleveland Clin, Inst Heart & Vasc, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Mohammad Ali Sahraian - University of Tehran
Maitreyi Sahu - University of Washington
Joseph S. Salama - Univ Calif San Francisco, Hlth Hub, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Sana Salehi - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Juan Sanabria - Marshall University
Francesco Sanmarchi - University of Bologna
Joao Vasco Santos - Universidade do Porto
Milena M. Santric-Milicevic - University of Belgrade
Brijesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Miloje Savic - GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Wavre, Belgium
Deepak Saxena - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Gandhinagar, India
Mehdi Sayyah - College Station Medical Center
Falk Schwendicke - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Subramanian Senthilkumaran - College Station Medical Center
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - University of Tehran
Allen Seylani - NHLBI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA
Saeed Shahabi - Shiraz University
Masood Ali Shaikh
Aziz Sheikh - Harvard University
Adithi Shetty - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Mangalore, India
Pavanchand H. Shetty - College Station Medical Center
Kenji Shibuya - The University of Tokyo
Mark G. Shrime - Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Inst Global Surg, Dublin, Ireland
Kanwar Hamza Shuja - Quaid-i-Azam University
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia
Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina - Balashiha Cent Hosp, Dept Therapeut, Balashikha, Russia
Shahin Soltani - College Station Medical Center
Moslem Soofi - College Station Medical Center
Emma Elizabeth Spurlock - University of Washington
Simona Catalina Stefan - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Management, Bucharest, Romania
Viktoria Szerencses - Semmelweis University
Miklos Szocska - Semmelweis University
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos - Universitat de València
Biruk Wogayehu Taddele - Arbaminch Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Yonas Getaye Tefera - University of Gondar
Aravind Thavamani - Case Western Reserve University
Ruoyan Tobe-Gai - Natl Inst Populat & Social Secur Res, Dept Social Secur Empir Res, Tokyo, Japan
Roman Topor-Madry - Jagiellonian University
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - College Station Medical Center
Bach Xuan Tran - College Station Medical Center
Lorainne Tudor Car - Supreme Council Of Health
Anayat Ullah - College Station Medical Center
Saif Ullah - Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Nasir Umar - Supreme Council Of Health
Eduardo A. Undurraga - Supreme Council Of Health
Pascual R. Valdez - College Station Medical Center
Tommi Juhani Vasankari - UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
Jorge Hugo Villafane - IRCCS Fdn Don Carlo Gnocchi, Don Carlo Gnocchi Fdn, Dept Clin Res, Milan, Italy
Francesco S. Violante - St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Occupat Hlth Unit, Bologna, Italy
Vasily Vlassov - Supreme Council Of Health
Bay Vo - HUTECH University
Sebastian Vollmer - University of Göttingen
Theo Vos - University of Washington
Giang Thu Vu - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Linh Gia Vu - Duy Tan University
Richard G. Wamai - University of Nairobi
Andrea Werdecker - Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Aging Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany
Mesfin Agachew Woldekidan - Data Management
Befikadu Legesse Wubishet - Mekelle University
Gelin Xu - Nanjing University
Sanni Yaya - University of Oxford
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi - College Station Medical Center
Vahit Yigit - Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Hlth Management, Isparta, Turkey
Paul Yip - University of Hong Kong
Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw - University of Gondar
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Chuanhua Yu - Wuhan University
Ismaeel Yunusa - Harvard University
Telma Zahirian Moghadam - College Station Medical Center
Hamed Zandian - College Station Medical Center
Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Lab Genet & Genom, Moscow, Russia
Anasthasia Zastrozhina - College Station Medical Center
Zhi-Jiang Zhang - Wuhan University
Arash Ziapour - College Station Medical Center
Yves Miel H. Zuniga - Dept Hlth Philippines, Hlth Technol Assessment Unit, Manila, Philippines
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Joseph L. Dieleman - University of Washington
Global Burden Dis Hlth Financing
Publication Details: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.398(10308), pp.1317-1343
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 27
Grant note: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR
Identifiers: 9913403008331
Academic Unit: Alfaisal University; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article