Abstract
In this research paper, the sensing capabilities of a tri circle split ring resonator shaped metamaterial is shown within the X-band frequency range for detection of various oil samples both theoretically and experimentally. Mathematical modelling was used to analyze the sensor efficiency for the various oil samples. A new sample holder has been made for the proposed sensor structure, and it showed significant performance. The simulated and measured transmission coefficient has been revealed in this study and monitoring the shift of resonance frequency and sensitivity of the metamaterial sensor for different oil samples. Since the dielectric constants of the oil samples differ, hence the resonance frequency is shifted. The obtained result revealed that the proposed sensor can detect a wide range of liquids, including (i) coconut and extra virgin coconut oils, (ii) olive and extra virgin olive oils, (iii) clean and waste engine oils, (iv) sunflower and canola oils. The resonance frequency has shifted to about 210, 230, 170, and 200 MHz for the above-mentioned oil samples, respectively. The sensitivity of the proposed MTM sensor is -83 dB (mg/L) which is a new analysis and quite significant as a potential sensor structure. Surface current and electric field distributions were used to deduce the sensing process. Since the recommended sensor is cheap and highly sensitive; so, it can be used in a variety of fields, such as detection of various liquids, microfluidic sensing, and industrial applications.