Abstract
Pectinophora gossypiella, which destroys cotton crops' brackets, squares, flowers, and bolls, has been identified as a severe pest in practically all the world's cotton-growing nations. Triazophos, a trans-laminar, broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide can manage Lepidopteran pests in cotton, rice, and maize. P. gossypiella has developed resistance against major insecticides including triazophos. To comprehend the function of insecticides in the environment, it is vital to grasp their lethal, low, and/or sublethal impacts as well as transgenerational consequences. In this study, triazohpos had lethal, sublethal, and transgenerational effects in two P. gossypiella generations (F0 and F1). Triazophos caused greater toxicity against P. gossypiella, according to the findings of the bioassay, with LC50 values of 2.728 mg/l for F0 and 1.852 mg/l for F1 after 48 h of exposure. Triazophos LC10 and LC25 concentrations caused considerable variations in biological parameters, which clearly indicated longer larval duration during F0 and F1 generations. Parameters related to reproduction showed significant differences with lower fecundity of 231.08 eggs/ female (LC10); 203.87 eggs/ female (LC25) and 220.95 eggs/ female (LC10) 209.21 eggs/ female (LC25) of F0 and F1 generations respectively and as compared to control which were 264.76 eggs/ female and 274.62 eggs/ female for F0 and F1 respectively. Demographic parameters for F0 and F1 population revealed net reproduction rate (R0); intrinsic rate of increase (r); mean generation time (T) and (λ) were having significant difference in triazophos treated populations as compared to control. From results it can be asserted that life table reproductive and demographic parameters affected by triazophos can be helpful in managing P. gossypiella in cotton crop and will result in more success against triazophos populations of P. gossypiella.