Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a highly heterogeneous genetic condition with more than a thousand genes described so far. By exome sequencing of two consanguineous families presenting hallmark features of ID, we identified two homozygous variants in two genes previously associated with autosomal recessive ID:NDST1(c.1966G>A; p.Asp656Asn) andMETTL23(c.310T>C; p.Phe104Leu). The segregation of the variants was validated by Sanger sequencing in all family members. In silico homology modeling of wild-type and mutated proteins revealed substantial changes in the secondary structure of both proteins, indicating a possible effect on function. The identification and validation of new pathogenicNDST1andMETTL23variants in two cases of autosomal recessive ID further highlight the importance of these genes in proper brain function and development.