Abstract
The biotechnology industry is currently seeking increased or improved enzyme efficiency and the emergence of new methods to maximize their shelf-life. Enzyme immobilization on solid supports offers characteristic features, such as recyclability, easy product recovery, improved enzyme stability, and biocatalytic properties. Biopolymers-based support materials provide cost-effective, and stability attributes to immobilized enzymes due to non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the presence of multiple functional moieties. In addition, nanostructured materials with large specific surface areas and unique structural, physical, chemical, and operating characteristics have significantly contributed to biocatalytic systems for diverse biotechnological applications. Urease is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme that displays a high ability to catalyze urea's decomposition into ammonia and carbamate. This review provides information on urease immobilization using various biopolymers-based support matrices to develop nano-biocatalytic systems for biotechnological, medical, and industrial fields. Graphic