Abstract
BackgroundTo introduce an orthodontic bracket debonding device capable of measuring debonding force clinically by a novel sensor mechanismMaterials and methodA prototype orthodontic debonding device was constructed utilizing a lift-off debonding instrument (LODI) and force-sensitive resistor (FSR). For data interpretation, the force sensor was equipped with a microcontroller and C++ programming software running on a computer. Ninety-nine (99) 0.022-in. conventional metallic brackets were bonded to premolar teeth in vitro by a single clinician applying the same adhesive and bonding technique. For validation, the mean debonding force measured by the prototype debonding device (n=30) and the universal testing machine (n=30) was compared. Both intra- and inter-examiner reliability tests were done by holding and operating the device in a standardized manner. Following debonding by the prototype device, the bracket failure pattern was evaluated (n=30) by adhesive remnant index (ARI) under the stereomicroscope at x30 magnification. Statistical analysis included independent samples t test for validation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a 95% confidence interval for both intra- and inter-examiner reliability.ResultsMean orthodontic bracket debonding force measured by the prototype device (9.361.65N) and the universal testing machine (10.432.71N) was not significantly different (p<0.05). The prototype device exhibited excellent intra- [ICC (3, 1)=0.942] and inter-examiner reliability [ICC (2, 1)=0.921] and was able to debond brackets mostly at the bracket-adhesive interface.Limitation Due to adjusting the position and mechanism of the force sensor, the device had to be held in a modified standardized position.Conclusion A novel method of measuring in vivo orthodontic bracket debonding force has been introduced which proved to be validated, reliable, and safe in terms of enamel damage.