Abstract
Ranolazine (RZ) is an anti-anginal drug with a distinct mechanism of action and widely employed in patients with chronic angina. Its measurement is essential in clinical environment to ensure adequate drug level and understand the redox mechanism which gives an idea of in-vivo fate of the drug. In view of this, an exemplary voltammetric approach is proposed here for determination of RZ utilizing glassy carbon electrode (GCE) fabricated with WO3 decorated graphene nanocomposite. The structural and morphological characterizations of modifier were made by employing XRD, FESEM, EDAX, HRTEM, XPS, Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy which revealed successful formation of the nanocomposite. As a result of high electrical conductivity and large effective surface area of WO3 nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets, the developed sensor WO3/Graphene/GCE displayed effectual and unrelenting electron interceding behavior exhibiting higher peak currents at lower potentials for RZ oxidation. Using square wave voltammetry, the drug showcased well-defined voltammetric response in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 4.5 in concentration range from 0.2-1.4 μM and 1.4–14 μM with the low detection limit of 0.13 μM. The developed protocol was then implemented successfully to quantify RZ in commercially accessible pharmaceutical tablets with satisfactory recovery (99.8%–100.2%). The experimental results illustrated the applicability of the fabricated sensor for drug quality control and clinical analysis along with pharmacokinetic studies.
[Display omitted]
•WO3/Graphene/GCE based sensor fabricated for determination of RZ.•Improved surface area and higher electron transfer ability of the sensor.•Enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of RZ in terms of higher peak current and low potential.•Admirable analytical performance of sensor with low detection limits (0.13 μM).•Practical applicability of sensor in pharmaceutical samples.