Abstract
Wind-induced instantaneous pressures on low building envelopes continuously vary in temporal and spatial dimensions and this may lead to significant torsional moments on the building's lateral load resisting system. Studies on wind-induced torsional loads on low buildings are very limited. Wind-induced torsion provisions in the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard (ASCE/SEI 7-10, 2010), the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC, 2010), and the European Code (EN 1991-1-4, 2005) were reviewed and compared for three gabled-roof (18.4 degrees) low buildings. Significant discrepancies were found among the provisions of these wind standards in evaluating torsional wind loads on low buildings. In addition, wind-induced torsional loads on low buildings have been measured in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Three low buildings, with the same plan dimensions but different gabled-roof angles (0 degrees, 18.4 degrees, 45 degrees) and two different heights (i.e. full, and half eave building height) were tested in simulated open and urban terrain exposures for different wind directions (from 0 degrees to 180 degrees every 15 degrees). The experimental results were compared with current wind-induced torsional load provisions. It was found that NBCC (2010) underestimates the torsional moments on low buildings significantly. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.